Informatics Working Group of FIPAT

Robert Baud (Switzerland), Pierre Sprumont (Switzerland), Paul E. Neumann (Canada)

Several errors in Terminologia anatomica (Thieme, 1998) have been noted by many readers.  Many of the errors are typographical errors, or other obvious errors, for which a simple remedies are also obvious.  A listing of such errors, and their remedies, follows.

TA codes and terms	Problem	Remedy
A01.2.02.009 Regio cervicalis lateralis; Trigonum cervicale posterius; Trigonum colli laterale Lateral cervical region; Posterior triangle	The second Latin synonym is not consistent with the first Latin synonym, nor with the English synonym	In the second Latin synonym, the word "laterale" was replaced with "posterius".
A01.2.07.026 Digiti manus Digits of hand; Fingers including thumb	These terms are the same as those for A01.1.00.030, and do not appear consistent with terms for a part of the regio manus.	The Latin term was replaced with regiones digitorum manus and the English terms were similarly changed.
A01.2.07.027 Pollex; Digitus primus [I] Thumb [I]	These terms appear to indicate parts of the hand, rather than regions of the hand.	(1) The Latin terms was replaced with regio pollicis and regio digiti primi and the English term was changed to Region of thumb. (2) A new entry with a new TA code (A01.1.00.053) was created for the pollex.
A01.2.07.028 Index; Digitus secundus [II] Index finger [II]	These terms appear to indicate parts of the hand, rather than regions of the hand.	(1) The Latin terms was replaced with regio indicis and regio digiti secundi and the English term was changed to Region of index finger. (2) A new entry with a new TA code (A01.1.00.054) was created for the index.
A01.2.07.029 Digitus medius; Digitus tertius [III] Middle finger [III]	These terms appear to indicate parts of the hand, rather than regions of the hand.	(1) The Latin terms was replaced with regio digiti medii and regio digiti tertii and the English term was changed to Region of middle finger. (2) A new entry with a new TA code (A01.1.00.055) was created for the digitus medius manus.
A01.2.07.030 Digitus anularis; Digitus quartus [IV] Ring finger [IV]	These terms appear to indicate parts of the hand, rather than regions of the hand.	(1) The Latin terms was replaced with regio digiti anularis and regio digiti quarti and the English term was changed to Region of ring finger. (2) A new entry with a new TA code (A01.1.00.056) was created for the digitus anularis.
A01.2.07.031 Digitus minimus; Digitus quintus [V] Little finger [V]	These terms appear to indicate parts of the hand, rather than regions of the hand.	(1) The Latin terms was replaced with regio digiti minimi and regio digiti quinti and the English term was changed to Region of little finger. (2) A new entry with a new TA code (A01.1.00.057) was created for the digitus minimus manus.
A01.2.08.035 Digiti pedis Digits of foot; Toes	These terms are the same as those for A01.1.00.046, and do not appear consistent with terms for a part of the regio pedis.	The Latin term was replaced with regiones digitorum pedis and the English terms were similarly changed.
A01.2.08.036 Hallux; Digitus primus [I] Great toe [I]	These terms are the same as those for A01.1.00.046, and do not appear consistent with terms for a part of the regio pedis.	(1) The Latin terms was replaced with regio hallucis and regio digiti primi and the English term was changed to Region of great toe. (2) A new entry with a new TA code (A01.1.00.058) was created for the hallux.
A01.2.08.037 Digitus secundus [II] Second toe [II]	These terms are the same as those for A01.1.00.046, and do not appear consistent with terms for a part of the regio pedis.	(1) The Latin terms was replaced with regio digiti secundi and the English term was changed to Region of second toe. (2) A new entry with a new TA code (A01.1.00.059) was created for the digitus secundus pedis.
A01.2.08.038 Digitus tertius [III] Third toe [III]	These terms are the same as those for A01.1.00.046, and do not appear consistent with terms for a part of the regio pedis.	(1) The Latin terms was replaced with regio digiti tertii and the English term was changed to Region of third toe. (2) A new entry with a new TA code (A01.1.00.060) was created for the digitus tertius pedis.
A01.2.08.039 Digitus quartus [IV] Fourth toe [IV]	These terms are the same as those for A01.1.00.046, and do not appear consistent with terms for a part of the regio pedis.	(1) The Latin terms was replaced with regio digiti quarti and the English term was changed to Region of fourth toe. (2) A new entry with a new TA code (A01.1.00.061) was created for the digitus quartus pedis.
A01.2.08.040 Digitus minimus; Digitus quintus [V] Little toe; Fifth toe [V]	These terms are the same as those for A01.1.00.046, and do not appear consistent with terms for a part of the regio pedis.	(1) The Latin terms was replaced with regio digiti minimi and regio digiti quinti and the English terms were changed to Region of little toe and Region of fifth toe. (2) A new entry with a new TA code (A01.1.00.062) was created for the digitus minimus pedis.
A02.2.05.009 Facies pelvica Pelvic surface	This term was erroneously indented in TA (1998), indicating it was part of the Lateral part of sacrum [A02.2.05.006].	It was restored to its hierarchical place in Nomina anatomica.  (Ten subsequent entries in this subsection were also reformatted as part of the correction of this typographical error.)
A02.3.04.002 (in chapter 07) Cavitas thoracis; Cavitas thoracica Thoracic cavity; Thorax	Thorax is not an exact synonym for this entity (Cavity of thorax).	Thorax was deleted from this entry. The entry in chapter A07 was given a new TA code: A07.0.00.000.
A02.4.00.002 Cingulum pectorale; Cingulum membri superioris Pectoral girdle; Shoulder girdle	These terms refer to a body part, not the bones.	The Latin terms were changed to Ossa cinguli pectoralis and Ossa cinguli membri superioris; and the English terms to Bones of pectoral girdle and Bones of shoulder girdle.
A02.4.03.001 Pars libera membri superioris Free part of upper limb	These terms refer to a body part, not the bones.	The Latin term was changed to Ossa partis liberae membri superioris; and the English term to Bones of free part of upper limb.
A02.4.04.019 Crista supraepicondylaris lateralis; Crista supracondylaris lateralis Medial supraepicondylar ridge; Medial supracondylar ridge	The English terms are not equivalent to the Latin terms.	In the English terms, the word "Medial" was replaced with "Lateral".
A02.4.05.018 Sulci tendinum musculorum extensorum Groove for extensor muscle tendons	The English term is singular, whereas the Latin term is plural.	In the English term, the word "Groove" was replaced with "Grooves".
A02.5.00.002 Cingulum pelvicum; Cingulum membri inferioris Pelvic girdle	These terms refer to a body part, not the bones.	The Latin terms were changed to Ossa cinguli pelvici and Ossa cinguli membri inferioris; and the English term to Bones of pelvic girdle.
A02.5.02.011 Diameter transversa Transverse diameter	The Latin adjective does not agree with the noun in gender.	In the Latin term, the word "transversa" was replaced with "transversus".
A02.5.02.012 Diameter obliqua Oblique diameter	The Latin adjective does not agree with the noun in gender.	In the Latin term, the word "obliqua" was replaced with "obliquus".
A02.5.03.001 Pars libera membri inferioris Free part of lower limb	These terms refer to a body part, not the bones.	The Latin term was changed to Ossa partis liberae membri inferioris; and the English term to Bones of free part of lower limb.
A03.6.10.514       Ligg. cuneonavicularia dorsalia Dorsal cuneonavicular ligament	The English term is singular, whereas the Latin term is plural.	In the English term, the word "ligament" was replaced with "ligaments".
A04.1.04.016 Fascia capitis Fascia of head	Change of A04.0.00.032 deleted fascia capitis from TA98.	Creation of this new entry.
A04.4.02.012 Lig. phrenicooesophageale Phrenicoesophageal ligament	The Latin adjective does not agree with the noun in gender.	In the Latin term, the word "phrenicooesophagealis" was replaced with "phrenicooesophageale".
A04.5.03.014 M. pubovesicalis Pubovesicalis	These terms were indented under one of a pair of gender-specific homologues.	One level of indentation was removed.
A04.8.01.007 Stratum synoviale;vagina synovialis Synovial sheath	The first letter of the Latin synonym is not capitalized, and not preceeded by a space.	The typographical errors were corrected.
A04.8.06.013 Vagina tendinum digitorum pedis Tendinous sheaths of toes	The Latin term is singular, whereas the English term is plural.	In the Latin term, the word "Vagina" was replaced with "Vaginae".
A05.1.01.104 Palatum molle;velum palatinum Soft palate	The first letter of the Latin synonym is not capitalized, and not preceeded by a space.	The typographical errors were corrected.
A05.1.03.075 Curvea occlusalis Occlusal curves	The Latin noun is obscure, and the Latin and English terms appear to disagree in number.	The Latin noun was replaced with curvatura, and the English noun was replaced with curve.
A05.3.01.009 Noduli lymphoidei pharyngeales Pharyngeal lymphoid nodules	This entity is a feature of Tonsilla pharyngealis [A05.1.01.106], but the entry is not indented to indicate this relationship.	The entry has been indented two places to the right, and the adjective "pharyngeales" was deleted.
A05.6.01.013 Noduli lymphoidei solitarii Solitary lymphoid nodules	These lymphoid nodules of small intestine are erroneously listed under Nodus lymphoideus.	This entry in Chapter A13 was deleted.  In future revisions of Terminologia Anatomica, this entry may be restored in a section on mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues.
A05.6.01.014 Noduli lymphoidei aggregati Aggregated lymphoid nodules	These lymphoid nodules of small intestine are erroneously listed under Nodus lymphoideus.	This entry in Chapter A13 was deleted.  In future revisions of Terminologia Anatomica, this entry may be restored in a section on mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues.
A05.7.02.009 Noduli lymphoidei aggregati appendicis vermiformis Lymph nodules of vermiform appendix	These lymphoid nodules of vermiform appendix are erroneously listed under Nodus lymphoideus.	This entry in Chapter A13 was deleted.  In future revisions of Terminologia Anatomica, this entry may be restored in a section on mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues.
A05.8.01.018 Impressio oesophageale Oesophageal impression	The Latin adjective does not agree with the noun in gender.	In the Latin term, the word "oesophageale" was replaced with "oesophagealis".
A06.5.01.002 Pulmo dexter Left lung	The Latin and English terms refer to different lungs.	In the English term, "Left" was replaced with "Right".
A06.5.01.003 Pulmo sinister Right lung	The Latin and English terms refer to different lungs.	In the English term, "Right" was replaced with "Left".
A08.1.03.001/A08.1.04.001 Arteriae/venae intrarenales  For further details regarding the nomenclature of renal blood vessels, see the publications mentioned above in A07.1.01.015	Reference in footnote gives incorrect TA code.	TA code in footnote was changed to A08.1.01.015.
A08.3.01.028 Ostium urethrae internum Internal urethral orifice; Internal urinary meatus	This TA code does not exist in chapter A08. In chapter A08, the term is associated with a different TA code, which represents the male-specific homologue of this entity.	A new entry for this female-specific entity was created in chapter A08.
A09.1.01.013 Folliculi ovarici vesiculosi Vesicular ovarian follicle	The English term is singular, whereas the Latin term is plural.	In the English term, the word follicle was replaced with follicles.
A09.2.03.009 Sphincter urethrae internus Internal urethral sphincter	The word Musculus is missing from the Latin term.	In the Latin term, the abbreviation M. was restored to the beginning of the term.
A10.1.02.103 Lig. hepatoesophageale Hepato-oesophageal ligament	In the Latin term, an "o" is missing at the joining site in the compound word.	In the Latin term, the word "hepatoesophageale" was replaced with "hepatooesophageale".
A11.3.00.005 Glandulae thyroidea accessoriae Accessory thryroid glands	These supernumerary endocrine glands are anatomical variants.	Parentheses were added around the Latin and English terms.
A11.4.00.004 Glandulae parathyroideae accessoriae Accessory parathyroid glands	These supernumerary endocrine glands are anatomical variants.	Parentheses were added around the Latin and English terms.
A11.5.00.011 Glandulae suprarenales accessoriae Accessory suprarenal glands	These supernumerary endocrine glands are anatomical variants.	Parentheses were added around the Latin and English terms.
A12.1.06.002 Complexus stimulans cordis; Systema conducente cordis Conducting sysem of heart	In the Latin synonym, the adjective (a present participle) does not agree with the noun.	In the Latin synonym, the word "conducente" was replaced with "conducens".
A12.2.06.023 Siphon caroticum Carotid syphon	The Latin adjective does not agree with the noun in gender.	In the Latin term, the word "caroticum" was replaced with "caroticus".
A12.2.07.055 Rr. terminales inferiores; Rr. corticales inferiores; Segmentum M2   Inferior terminal branches; Inferior cortical branches; M2 segment	This entity is not the M2 segment.	The terms "Segmentum M2" and "M2 segment" have been removed from this entry.
A12.2.07.061 Rr. terminales superiores; Rr. corticales superiores; Segmentum M2 Superior terminal branches; Superior cortical branches; M2 segment	This entity is not the M2 segment.	The terms "Segmentum M2" and "M2 segment" have been removed from this entry.
A12.2.07.094 A. occipitalis lateralis; Segmentum P3 Lateral occipital artery; P3 segment	This entity is not the P3 segment	The terms "Segmentum P3" and "P3 segment" have been removed from this entry.
A12.2.07.098 A. occipitalis medialis; Segmentum P4 Medial occipital artery; P4 segment	This entity is not the P4 segment	The terms "Segmentum P4" and "P4 segment" have been removed from this entry.
A12.2.08.020 (in Chapter A15) A. labyrinthi Labyrinthine arteries	The Latin term is singular, whereas the English term is plural.	In the English term, the word "arteries" was replaced with "artery".
A14.1.05.707 Striae medullares ventriculi quarti Medullary stria of fourth ventricle	The Latin term is plural, whereas the English term is singular.	In the English term, the word "stria" was replaced with "striae".
A14.1.06.101 Basis pedunculi Base of peduncle	This entry should have the same format as the Tegmentum mesencephali (A14.106.007, at the top of the A14.1.06.2xx subsection) because it is at the same hierarchical level.	The font of this entry has been changed to bold, and the background color, changed to gray.
A14.1.06.402 Nucleus linearis inferioris Inferior linear nucleus	The second Latin adjective does not agree with the noun in case.	In the Latin term, the word "inferioris" was replaced by "inferior".
A14.1.06.601 Tectum mesencephali Tectum of midbrain	This entry should have the same format as the Pedunculus cerebri (A14.1.06.004, at top of A14.1.06.1xx subsection) because it is at the same hierarchical level.	The background color of this entry was changed to gray.
A14.1.07.108 Ala lobuli centralis Wing of central lobule	The cerebellar lobule symbol is missing.	"[H II et H III]" was added to Latin term; and "[H II and H III]", to the English term.
A14.1.07.205 Fissura posterior superior; fissura post clivalis Posterior superior fissure; Post-clival fissure	The Latin synonym does not comply to the convention that "post" is used as a prefix rather than as a preposition in the standard anatomical terminology.	In the Latin synonym, the words "post clivalis" were replaced with "postclivalis".
A14.1.07.208  Lobulus semilunaris superior; Crus primum lobuli ansiformis [H VII A] Superior semilunar lobule; First crus of ansiform lobule [H VII A]	H VII A is the lobulus ansiformis [A14.1.07.207]	"[H VII A]" was deleted.
A14.1.07.209 Fissurae horizontalis; Fissura intercruralis Horizontal fissure; Intercrural fissure	The Latin term is plural, whereas the English term is singular.	In the Latin term, the word "Fissurae" was replaced with "Fissura"
A14.1.07.210 Lobulus semilunaris inferior; Crus secundum lobuli ansiformis [H VII A] Inferior semilunar lobule; Second crus of ansiform lobule [H VII A]	H VII A is the lobulus ansiformis [A14.1.07.207]	"[H VII A]" was deleted.
A14.1.07.211 Fisssura lunogracilis; Fissura ansoparamedianis Lunogracile fissure; Ansoparamedian fissure	The second word of the Latin synonym is misspelled.	In the Latin synonym, the word "ansoparamedianis" was replaced with "ansoparamediana".
A14.1.07.219 Pars medialis lobuli biventralis; Lobulus parafloccularis dorsalis [H VIII B] Medial Part; Dorsal parafloccularis [H VIII B]	(1) The second word of the English equivalent term is capitalized. (2) The English synonym lacks a noun.	(1) In the English term, the word "Part" was replaced by "part".  (2) The English synonym was corrected to Dorsal paraflocculus, using Ventral paraflocculus [A14.1.07.222] as a model.
A14.1.08.502 Tractus habenulointerpeduncularis; fasciculus retroflexus Habenulo-interpeduncular tract; Fasciculus retroflexus	The first letter of the Latin synonym is not capitalized, and not preceeded by a space.	The typographical errors were corrected.
A14.1.08.905 Nuclei interstitiales hypothalami anteriores Interstitial nuclei of anterior hypothalamus	The Latin adjective anteriores does not agree with the noun hypothalami in case and number.	In the Latin term, the word anteriores was replaced with anterioris.
A14.1.08.961 Area preoptica Preoptica area	Only the lateral part of the area preoptica is part of the area hypothalamica lateralis.	The Latin term was corrected to Area preoptica lateralis; and the English equivalent, to Lateral preoptic area.
A14.1.09.536 Fibrae corticothalamici Corticothalamic fibres	The Latin adjective does not agree with the noun in gender.	In the Latin term, the word "corticothalamici" was replaced with "corticothalamicae".
14.1.09.605 Cellulae noradrenergicae loci caerulei [A6] Noradrenergic cells in locus caeruleus; Norepinephric cells in locus caeruleus [A6]	The gray matter structure is the Nucleus caeruleus (A14.105.436).	In the Latin term, the word "loci" was changed to "nuclei".  In the English terms, the word "locus" was changed to "nucleus".
14.1.09.606 Cellulae noradrenergicae caudalis lateralis [A5] Noradrenergic cells in caudolateral pons; Norepinephric cells in caudolateral pons [A5]	The Latin term lacks an indication that these cells are in the pons.	In the Latin term, the word "pontis" was inserted before the adjectives "caudalis" and "lateralis".
A14.1.09.627 Cellulae serotonergicae nuclei raphes dorsalis [B7] Serotonergic cells of dorsal raphe nucleus [B7]	These cells are in the Nucleus raphes posterior (A14.1.05.604).	In the Latin term, the word "dorsalis" was replaced with "posterioris".
A14.2.01.010 Ramus ad ganglion ciliare;radix parasympathica ganglii ciliaris; Radix oculomotoria ganglii ciliaris Branch to ciliary ganglion; Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion; Oculomotor root of ciliary ganglion	The first letter of the first Latin synonym is not capitalized, and not preceeded by a space.	The typographical errors were corrected.
A14.2.01.026 [in section A14.3.02] Radix sensoria; Radix nasociliaris; R. communicans n. nasociliaris cum ganglio ciliare Sensory root; Nasociliary root; Communicating branch of nasociliary nerve with cilary ganglion	In the last English term, ciliary was misspelled.	In that English term, the word cilary was replaced with ciliary.
A14.2.01.027 Nn. Ciliares longi Long ciliary nerves	Only the first letter of the first word should be capitalized.	In the Latin term, the word Ciliares was replaced with ciliares.
A14.2.01.059 N.infraorbitalis Infra-orbital nerve	A typographical error resulted in deletion of a space between words in the Latin term.	In the Latin term, a space was introduced between the two words.
A14.2.01.088 Rr. ganglionares ad ganglion sublinguale; Radix sensoria ganglii sublingualis Ganglionic branches to sublingual ganglion; Sensory root of sublingual ganglion	The sublingual ganglion and its roots are inconstant structures.	The terms have been placed in parentheses to indicate the entity's variant status.
A14.3.01.019 (Ganglion cervicale inferioris) (Inferior cervical ganglion)	The Latin adjective "inferioris" does not agree with the noun in case.	In the Latin term, the word "inferioris" was replaced with "inferius".
A14.3.01.078 Paraganglia sympathica  Sympathetic paraganglia	The TA code for the preceding entry is A14.3.01.037.	The TA code for this entry was changed to A14.3.01.038.
A14.3.02.011 Ganglion sublinguale Sublingual ganglion	The sublingual ganglion is an inconstant structure.	The terms have been placed in parentheses to indicate the entity's variant status.
A14.3.02.012 Radix parasympathica; Chorda tympani Parasympathetic root; Chorda tympani	The sublingual ganglion and its roots are inconstant structures.	The terms have been placed in parentheses to indicate the entity's variant status.
A14.3.02.013 Radix sympathica Sympathetic root	The sublingual ganglion and its roots are inconstant structures.	The terms have been placed in parentheses to indicate the entity's variant status.
A14.3.03.005 Radix sympathetica ganglii sublingualis Sympathetic root of sublingual ganglion	The sublingual ganglion and its roots are inconstant structures.	The terms have been placed in parentheses to indicate the entity's variant status.
A15.2.07.037 Cilia Eyelash	The Latin term is plural, whereas the English term is singular.	In the English term, the word "Eyelash" was replaced with "Eyelashes".